Jezuici nie mieli łatwej drogi do Polski. Wprawdzie niektórzy biskupi, tacy jak Stanisław Hozjusz czy jego późniejszy następca na biskupstwie warmińskim: Marcin Kromer, czynili starania u władz rzymskich, by ich do Rzeczypospolitej sprowadzić, widząc w nich skuteczne narządzie pomocne przy wprowadzaniu w życie reform Soboru Trydenckiego, lecz starania te były raczej odosobnione i nie znajdywały większego zrozumienia w ówczesnym episkopacie, o innych grupach społecznych nie wspominając.

Jezuici nie mieli łatwej drogi do Polski. Wprawdzie niektórzy biskupi, tacy jak Stanisław Hozjusz czy jego późniejszy następca na biskupstwie warmińskim: Marcin Kromer, czynili starania u władz rzymskich, by ich do Rzeczypospolitej sprowadzić, widząc w nich skuteczne narządzie pomocne przy wprowadzaniu w życie reform Soboru Trydenckiego, lecz starania te były raczej odosobnione i nie znajdywały większego zrozumienia w ówczesnym episkopacie, o innych grupach społecznych nie wspominając.

The road into Poland was not easy for the Society of Jesus. Although there were some Polish bishops, such as Stanisław Hozjusz [Stanislaus Hosius] and the successor to his See of Varmia, Marcin Kromer [Martinus Cromerus], who took steps to induce the authorities at Rome to allow the Jesuits to come and establish themselves in Poland-Lithuania, seeing the Order as an effective auxiliary agency for the practical implementation of the reforms passed at the Council of Trent, their efforts were (...) isolated attempts which failed to find sympathy with even the rest of the bishops of Poland, not to speak of other social groups. (shrink)

The road into Poland was not easy for the Society of Jesus. Although there were some Polish bishops, such as Stanisław Hozjusz [Stanislaus Hosius] and the successor to his See of Varmia, Marcin Kromer [Martinus Cromerus], who took steps to induce the authorities at Rome to allow the Jesuits to come and establish themselves in Poland-Lithuania, seeing the Order as an effective auxiliary agency for the practical implementation of the reforms passed at the Council of Trent, their efforts were (...) isolated attempts which failed to find sympathy with even the rest of the bishops of Poland, not to speak of other social groups. (shrink)

Profesor Andrzej Walicki, born in 1930, is a historian of philosophy and social thought connected with the so called „Warsaw School of the History of Ideas" prevalent during the 1960s. His field of specialization is the history of Russian and Polish thought and also that of Marxist philosophy. Until 1981, he was professor at the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology PAN. During the time of martial law, Walicki was in Australia as a visiting professor of the Australian National University of (...) Canberra. In 1986, he started working at the University of Notre Dame in the USA as chief of the chair of the history of ideas, where he continued to work until 1999, the vear of his retirement. (shrink)

Le livre traite de la philosophie enseignee au XVIᵉ siècle dans les collèges des jesuites en Pologne et en Lituanie, c'est-a-dire de l a philosophie strictement „scolastique" et de la philosophie liee directement a I'enseignement, done de la nhilosonhie an sens strict du mot.

Le livre traite de la philosophie enseignee au XVIᵉ siècle dans les collèges des jesuites en Pologne et en Lituanie, c'est-a-dire de l a philosophie strictement „scolastique" et de la philosophie liee directement a I'enseignement, done de la nhilosonhie an sens strict du mot.

Jezuici stanowili zawsze przedmiot licznych publikacji, ale szczególnie w ostatnim okresie literatura na ich temat wzbogaciła się o wiele cennych rozpraw naukowych. W ich świetle jawi się nowy obraz zakonu o różnorodnych odcieniach i barwach, zastępując dotychczasowy białoczarny. Dyskusjom nie ma jednak końca. „Sukcesom zakonu - pisał Janusz Tazbir - odpowiadały rosnące stosy literatury antyjezuickiej, która również w Polsce przetrwała szczytowy okres swego rozwoju. Spór o rolę zakonu w politycznych, kulturalnych, a nawet gospodarczych dziejach Europy trwa już od przeszło czterystu (...) lat i nic nie zapowiada jego rychłego zakończenia. Przy ocenie jezuióöw w zbyt małym chyba jednak stopniu zwracano uwagę na fakt, iż byli oni pionierami „wielkiego kompromisu'' we wszystkich niemal dziedzinach, z wyjątkiem oczywiście kompromisu z „herezją". I dzięki temu też, czysto wbrew wlasnym intencjom, stawali się prekursorami nowych rozwiązań". (shrink)

Profesor Andrzej Walicki, born in 1930, is a historian of philosophy and social thought connected with the so called „Warsaw School of the History of Ideas" prevalent during the 1960s. His field of specialization is the history of Russian and Polish thought and also that of Marxist philosophy. Until 1981, he was professor at the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology PAN. During the time of martial law, Walicki was in Australia as a visiting professor of the Australian National University of (...) Canberra. In 1986, he started working at the University of Notre Dame in the USA as chief of the chair of the history of ideas, where he continued to work until 1999, the vear of his retirement. (shrink)

As the title suggests, the treatise concerns the philosophical approach to the question of God. It is a sort of theology, the doctrine on God, proceeding from visible world, interpretated with the power of natural reason. The main ground for the interpretative reasoning is the classical methaphysics. God is conceived as the last and most profound fundament of all things that have not sufficient ground of existence in themselves.

This book examines the earlier works of one of the most eminent authorities on Russian philosophy and social thought. The bulk of the volume is comprised of articles written in the years 1955-1959, i.e. during a period of undisputed importance in the history of post-war Poland. The majority of these articles have appeared in the book entitled Osobowość a historia. Studia z dziejów literatury i myśli rosyjskiej [Personality and History: Studies in the History of Russian Thought and Literature], PIW, Warsaw (...) 1959. (shrink)

This book examines the earlier works of one of the most eminent authorities on Russian philosophy and social thought. The bulk of the volume is comprised of articles written in the years 1955-1959, i.e. during a period of undisputed importance in the history of post-war Poland. The majority of these articles have appeared in the book entitled Osobowość a historia. Studia z dziejów literatury i myśli rosyjskiej [Personality and History: Studies in the History of Russian Thought and Literature], PIW, Warsaw (...) 1959. (shrink)

II dar l'avvio, da parte dei gesuiti della Provincia Galiziana nel 1872, alla pubblicazione dei primi numeri delle „Intencje Miesięczne Apostolstwa Modiitwy" diede l'inizio all'Editrice dell'Apostolato della Preghiera in Galizia e apri un'epoca nuova nell'impegno della Chiesa cattolica galiziana nella „questione sociale".

II dar l'avvio, da parte dei gesuiti della Provincia Galiziana nel 1872, alla pubblicazione dei primi numeri delle „Intencje Miesięczne Apostolstwa Modiitwy" diede l'inizio all'Editrice dell'Apostolato della Preghiera in Galizia e apri un'epoca nuova nell'impegno della Chiesa cattolica galiziana nella „questione sociale".

There have been many papers on the Jesuit relationship with the State and with the civil powers in the Western Countries. But there are no such elaborations concerning Poland. However, it was not a central aim, the Jesuits had to engage in the political situation of the country where they did His apostolic work though they did not commit themselves personally in the policy. The Jesuits had their own concept of the State and the state policy. And they showed great (...) caution in preparing the policy treaties in order to save impartiality. (shrink)

The article reviews the book Philosophia Vitam Alere. Prace dedykowane Profesorowi Romanowi Darowskiemu SJ z okazji 70-lecia urodzin, edited by Stanisław Ziemiański S.J.

The article reviews the book L' esperienza tragica come iniziazione: Lev Šestov [Tragic Experience as Initiation: Lev Shestov], by Aleksander Posacki.

`On Usury`, the treaty by Martin Smiglecki SJ, was the first strictly scientific attempt to show the economic and social background of the bourgeois and peasant social stratum in Poland and Lithuania at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. The author, being an excellent logician, expressed his views in a very precise way, limiting his technical language to a minimum, so that his treatise would be understandable to readers from a range of social positions and circumstances. Its careful (...) analysis of the socio-economic situation and clear formulation of its postulates enabled it to function, over the course of two centuries, as a practical manual imparting guidance to the ruling class as they sought to maintain a just and fair stance in their dealings with the burghers and peasants. Smiglecki’s ideas have become a reference point for many generations of professors of moral philosophy and folk preachers seeking to raise social issues in their own works. (shrink)

L'attivita dei gesuiti polacchi e lituani durante il primo secolo della loro presenza in Polonia non si limitava, naturalmente, ad uno stretto cerchio dell’ambiente universitario di Vilna, anche se l’operato di questo centre educative, dal quale uscivano i futuri quadri politici e amministrativi dello Stato polacco-lituano, sarebbe gia di per se sufficientemente rappresentativo. Infatti, l’accrescere dell’interesse accademico per la questione sociale, registrato a Vilna, era di data posteriore rispetto all'attivita pratica, svolta su questo campo ormai da piu di 70 anni (...) ad opera dei gesuiti non impegnati direttamente airinsegnamento universitario o medio. Furono proprio loro a creare im clima che consent! ed ispirö sia la pubblicazione del trattato di MARCIN ŚMIGLECKI SJ, che gli scritti degli altri. Vi furono anche diversi documenti, emanati appositamente sia dai rispettivi Generali della Compagnia di Gesu a Roma, sia dai Provinciali locali, sia infine da Visitatori delle Province Polacca e Lituana della Compagnia. Detti documenti, insieme alle opere non filosofiche meritano d'esser presentati in questo articolo. (shrink)

L'attivita dei gesuiti polacchi e lituani durante il primo secolo della loro presenza in Polonia non si limitava, naturalmente, ad uno stretto cerchio dell’ambiente universitario di Vilna, anche se l’operato di questo centre educative, dal quale uscivano i futuri quadri politici e amministrativi dello Stato polacco-lituano, sarebbe gia di per se sufficientemente rappresentativo. Infatti, l’accrescere dell’interesse accademico per la questione sociale, registrato a Vilna, era di data posteriore rispetto all'attivita pratica, svolta su questo campo ormai da piu di 70 anni (...) ad opera dei gesuiti non impegnati direttamente airinsegnamento universitario o medio. Furono proprio loro a creare im clima che consent! ed ispirö sia la pubblicazione del trattato di MARCIN ŚMIGLECKI SJ, che gli scritti degli altri. Vi furono anche diversi documenti, emanati appositamente sia dai rispettivi Generali della Compagnia di Gesu a Roma, sia dai Provinciali locali, sia infine da Visitatori delle Province Polacca e Lituana della Compagnia. Detti documenti, insieme alle opere non filosofiche meritano d'esser presentati in questo articolo. (shrink)

“Przeglad Powszechny” first appeared in 1884, when the Jesuits in Krakow agreed to take over “Przeglad Lwowski” from Fr. Edward Podolski, who had been its editor. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the editors-in-chief of the “Przeglad” were Marian Ignacy Morawski SJ, Jan Pawelski SJ, Jan Urban SJ and Jan Rostworowski SJ. Thanks to their efforts and extensive prior editorial experience, “Przeglad” stood for a high level of quality, and was one of the most highly valued social (...) and cultural journals devoted to religious, philosophical, ethical, cultural, historical and political issues. The overriding aims set out by the editors of the review were the dissemination of properly Catholic principles of conduct and obedience to the Church. The article will present the social thought of the Jesuits as they appeared in “Przeglad Powszechny” from the time of its inception until the recovery of Poland’s independence. (shrink)

The year 2001 marks the thirtieth anniversary of the death of Jan Karol Dorda, a Jesuit who devoted a substantial part of his life in the priesthood to literary work, and scientific, especially philosophical enquiry - alongside his pastoral and administrative duties in the Society of Jesus. Father Dorda held a degree in mathematics and physics, but had a special interest in philosophy. In this paper I shall be concerned with his philosophical opinions, only some of which have been published, (...) while the majority of his unpublished manuscripts are preserved in the archives of the Southern Polish Province of the Society of Jesus in Cracow. The reason why his work has never been published is not because of low quality, but due to the difficult conditions prevalent in the post-war Communist period in Poland, and also because of the cautious attitude adopted by the censors and reviewers to whom Dorda submitted his work for assessment. (shrink)

The year 2001 marks the thirtieth anniversary of the death of Jan Karol Dorda, a Jesuit who devoted a substantial part of his life in the priesthood to literary work, and scientific, especially philosophical enquiry - alongside his pastoral and administrative duties in the Society of Jesus. Father Dorda held a degree in mathematics and physics, but had a special interest in philosophy. In this paper I shall be concerned with his philosophical opinions, only some of which have been published, (...) while the majority of his unpublished manuscripts are preserved in the archives of the Southern Polish Province of the Society of Jesus in Cracow. The reason why his work has never been published is not because of low quality, but due to the difficult conditions prevalent in the post-war Communist period in Poland, and also because of the cautious attitude adopted by the censors and reviewers to whom Dorda submitted his work for assessment. (shrink)

The article reviews the book Adam Adamandy Kochański. Studium z dziejów filozofii i nauki w Polsce w XVII wieku, by Bogdan Lisiak.

The article reviews the book Korespondencja Adama Adamandego Kochańskiego SJ, edited by Bogdan Lisiak.

Das Buch über J. Mirewicz wurde von Slawomir Szczyrba, einem Lehrbeauftragten des Priesterseminars in Łódź, als Doktorarbeit unter der Leitung von Professor Bischof B. Bejze verfaßt. Szczyrba rechnet seine Arbeit der religionsphilosophischen Werken zu. Er will die These nachweisen, daß die Stellung des Menschen gegenüber Gott einen bedeutenden Einfluß auf sein Wertsystem und, in weiterer Folge, auf sein moralisches Benehmen hat. Derselben Meinung war auch Mirewicz. In Hinsicht auf die ethische Implikationen der Bejahung Gottes gehört das Hauptthema der vielartigen Tätigkeiten (...) Mirewicz's zu der immerwährend aktuellen und offenstehenden Frage nach der Selbständigkeit der Ethik. (shrink)

The studies on the history of logic in the Polish schools of the Commission for National Education in the period of the Enlightenment that have been published up to date evaluate the educational practice with respect to its accordance to Condillac’s work. His textbook was indeed order by the Commission for its schools, and it was also evaluated highly, but it was not published in the Polish language. From the rules of the Commission and its didactic practice, which made use (...) of a series of the most eminent eclectic textbooks on logic then functioning in the European school, we can deduce that the Commission must have evaluated Condillac’s book as too one-sided. Aside to his approach, there functioned in then Polish school a number of other studies. The Commission exposed a textbook written by the French Jesuit, Claude Buffier, in the first place. Despite the fact that he was close to modern solutions, e.g. Descartes’ and Locke’s, nevertheless he showed respect for scholastic tradition. Accordingly, he presented a group of solutions well-known from the traditional approaches. He only emphasised, in the modern spirit, how important is the veracity of the premises of syllogism as the fundamental condition for the veracity of the conclusion. It follows that the role of the theory of reasoning was limited and at the same time the value of epistemological problems was stressed. (shrink)

Na spotkaniu jezuitów-filozofów z terenu Europy w Padwie 29 sierpnia 1996 r. o. Joseph Schmidt SJ wykladowca w jezuickiej Hochschule für Philosopie w Monachium wygłosił referat pt.: Kontingenz - Freiheit - Theodizee [Przygodność - Wolność - Teodycea]. Sposród trzech punktów jego referatu ustosunkuję się tylko do pierwszego, ponieważ rozumienie naszej wolności i dobroci Boga zależy od rozumienia przygodności bytu.

This article discusses the problem of movement. The meaning of the term “movement” has undergone more changes in the course of history than any other term. The main change has been the immobilizing of movement. To show this, the author briefly presents the vicissitudes of its development from antiquity to the present. The relation between force and movement is also considered. In this matter the author follows the approach of Fr. John Dorda SJ, who proves that forces are not efficient (...) causes, but rather formal causes. The fields of forces do not influence movement generally, but only its shape and trajectory. To illustrate this, four cases are presented and the Lorentzian equation is adduced. The problem of the ontological status of movement has been discussed at some length. It is argued that movement cannot be reduced to geometrical relations alone. (shrink)

This article discusses the problem of movement. The meaning of the term “movement” has undergone more changes in the course of history than any other term. The main change has been the immobilizing of movement. To show this, the author briefly presents the vicissitudes of its development from antiquity to the present. The relation between force and movement is also considered. In this matter the author follows the approach of Fr. John Dorda SJ, who proves that forces are not efficient (...) causes, but rather formal causes. The fields of forces do not influence movement generally, but only its shape and trajectory. To illustrate this, four cases are presented and the Lorentzian equation is adduced. The problem of the ontological status of movement has been discussed at some length. It is argued that movement cannot be reduced to geometrical relations alone. (shrink)